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There are many benefits to 360 degree feedback. However, a lot of 360 feedback projects can go wrong, which results in poor ROI and can give a bad impression of 360 feedback. It is unfortunate some perceive 360s in a bad light because 360s were created to generate positive change within an organization.
When conducted properly, a successful 360 feedback process has proven itself valuable to many organizations by providing insight into where people can benefit from development and growth.
To help dispel any confusion about 360s, we have decided to highlight the best practices for 360 feedback. So here it goes.
Pre-work
Just like with any new endeavor, you need to lay down the groundwork for 360 feedback. If the employees don’t understand the 360 feedback process, it won’t be as effective – simple as that. So, the company implementing 360 degree feedback needs to ensure that its employees understand exactly what the 360 process entails, what is expected of them, and how it will benefit them. That way everyone can truly prepare for the process and not be blindsided by a survey invitation.
The company needs to explain the following:
Role of the Participant
The participant is the person evaluated in the 360 feedback process. Typically, the participant identifies the stakeholders that work directly with them, and is encouraged to invite as many as possible to maintain anonymity in the process.
Along with gathering feedback from others, the participants complete the survey themselves, which can help show the leader blind spots (where they rate themselves significantly higher than they are rated by others) and strengths that can be leveraged (where others perceive them as much stronger than they think they are).
Role of the Raters
Raters are key to the success of a 360 feedback project because they see the leaders in action day-to-day, and as a result they provide the most useful and reliable feedback. The raters can include the participant’s manager, peers, direct reports, and even external stakeholders such as customers, suppliers and board members.
The role of the raters is to provide honest and constructive feedback on their colleague’s leadership development. Raters should feel they can provide feedback without fear of identification or retaliation. The knowledge that their identity is confidential can allow the raters to focus on each question individually and think about specific work-related examples to justify ratings.
Anonymity and confidentiality
Anonymity and confidentiality is a vital component of the 360 process. The company needs to inform the employees that the 360 project is implemented by a third-party partner that provides systematic methods for maintaining anonymity of raters and confidentiality of survey results. In other words, no matter how the rater answers the questions, it will not threaten their job.
Important steps for maintaining anonymity and confidentiality:
Survey questions
Survey questions should be clearly focused and specific around a particular set of skills, competencies, or behaviors that are trainable. Common competencies measured in 360 surveys can include:
Survey results should not affect performance assessments or incentive compensation
The 360 process is not designed to be used for performance reviews or appraisals, but rather to provide an individual with feedback on their demonstration of leadership competencies and skills.
Since the 360 process does not assess performance, there is no direct link between 360 feedback and incentive compensation.
Development planning
Development is the fundamental purpose of 360 assessments, and proper interpretation of feedback results is the first step to acting on them. We strongly encourage first time participants to attend a facilitated training session or one-on-one coaching, either in-person or virtually.
Proper guidance can increase the success of a 360 feedback program by teaching participants how to interpret results and tie them back to career and performance goals through development planning.
Working with a coach is important because coaches can help defuse emotional responses, focus on behavior for improvement, and help put the results in context in the participant’s role, environment, and those around them.
Ongoing process
A participant’s development plan should include specific activities and timing, but keep in mind that leadership skills are learned and developed over time. We believe the 360 feedback process should be repeated every 12 to 18 months, so participants can measure progress and identify ongoing development requirements and make adjustments to their development plan.
Conclusion
There you have it. When the 360 degree feedback process is done properly, you will see measurable results in the organization.